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Objective To analyze the factors influencing the levels of occupational exposure in medical radiation workers in China, and to provide a scientific basis for determining the key points of radiation protection in the medical sector. Methods The individual monitoring data on occupational external exposure in medical radiation workers in 2021 were collected from the “National Individual Dose Registry”. The Chi-squared test and logistic regression were used to analyze the factors influencing the levels of occupational exposure in medical radiation workers. Results The Chi-squared test showed that gender, occupational category, medical institution category, region, number of radiation workers per thousand population, and regional per capita GDP were significantly associated with occupational exposure in medical radiation workers exceeding the annual effective dose of 5 mSv and an annual effective dose limit of 20 mSv (χ2 = 21.456−262.329, 7.601−78.650, P < 0.05). The logistic regression analysis further showed that gender, occupational category, region, and number of radiation workers per thousand population were factors influencing the occupational exposure in medical radiation workers exceeding the annual effective dose of 5 mSv (χ2 = 14.621−170.857, P < 0.05); gender, occupational category, region, and regional per capita GDP were factors influencing the occupational exposure in medical radiation workers exceeding the annual effective dose of 20 mSv (χ2 = 5.401−48.709, P < 0.05). Conclusion Male radiation workers in interventional radiology and in central China have high risks of exceeding annual effective doses of 5 and 20 mSv. Moreover, high number of radiation workers per thousand population and regional per capita GDP are associated with low risks. Medical institutions should maintain a sufficient number of radiation workers and strengthen training on radiation protection knowledge for male and interventional radiology workers to enhance their radiation protection awareness. Investigation of the factors contributing to the high occupational exposure in central China should be intensified, and targeted effective measures should be conducted to reduce the occupational exposure in medical radiation workers.
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Objective@#To develop occupational radiation disease and occupational health monitoring system for radiation workers in order to identify the current status of occupational health management of radiation workers in China.@*Methods@#In compliance with the relevant laws, regulations and standards in China, the system design was completed according to wide variety of needs.@*Results@#An occupational health monitoring system for radiation workers was initially established. The system consisted of four modules and three levels of users to make sure.@*Conclusions@#Through the collection of data, some key risk points existing in radiology diagnosis and treatment have been identified in relation to occupational radiation disease, so as to provide scientific basis for health administrative department to carry out decision-making and revision of laws and regulations.
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Objective To develop occupational radiation disease and occupational health monitoring system for radiation workers in order to identify the current status of occupational health management of radiation workers in China. Methods In compliance with the relevant laws, regulations and standards in China, the system design was completed according to wide variety of needs. Results An occupational health monitoring system for radiation workers was initially established. The system consisted of four modules and three levels of users to make sure. Conclusions Through the collection of data, some key risk points existing in radiology diagnosis and treatment have been identified in relation to occupational radiation disease, so as to provide scientific basis for health administrative department to carry out decision-making and revision of laws and regulations.
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Objective To determine the risk factors for postoperative hyperactive-type delirium (PHTD) in elderly patients undergoing orthopedic surgery.Methods A total of 7 171 elderly patients of both sexes,aged more than or equal to 65 yr,of American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status Ⅰ-Ⅳ,who underwent orthopedic surgery from January 2008 to December 2012 in Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University,were retrospectively analyzed.Data such as gender,age,preoperative electrolytes,blood glucose,hemoglobin,albumin,senile dementia and use of benzodiazepines,type of operation,anesthesia methods,operation time,intraoperative use of anticholinergic agents and benzodiazepines and hypotension (decrease more than 20％ of the baseline),and postoperative electrolyte,hemoglobin,albumin and hypotension were collected.The patients were divided into postoperative PHTD group (group PHTD) and postoperative non-PHTD group (group non-PHTD) according to whether PHTD developed within 7 days after operation.The risk factors of which P values were less than 0.05 would enter the multivariate logistic regression to stratify the risk factors for postoperative PHTD.Results Ninety-nine patients developed PHTD,and the incidence was 1.38％.The results of logistic regression analysis showed that age more than or equal to 80 yr,hip surgery and preoperative anemia were independent risk factors for postoperative PHTD (P＜0.05).Conclusion Age more than or equal to 80 yr,hip surgery and preoperative anemia are independent risk factors for postoperative PHTD in elderly patients undergoing orthopedic surgery.
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Objective To observe the effect of comprehensive nursing of traditional Chinese medicine and Western Medicine on children′s supracondylar humerus fracture of ulnar deviation on postoperative recovery. Methods From November 2015 to February 2016, 52 inpatients were divided into 2 groups by random digits table method after the external fixation removal surgery with 26 cases each. The observation group was intervened by integrated nursing and was given TCM rehabilitation guidance, while the control group was intervened by regular nursing and was given regular rehabilitation guidance. After 4 weeks, the therapeutic effect was evaluated according to Chinese Medicine Orthopedic Syndrome Diagnosis and their elbow joint function was evaluated by Flynn score. In 8 weeks of follow up, all the patients were valued by their quality of life. Results In the process of intervention, with 1 case fell off in the observation group, 3 cases fell off in the control group, so finally the observation group with 25 cases, the control group with 23 cases. Fifteen cases were cured, 7 cases were improved, 3 cases were not cured at 4 weeks after surgery in the observation group, 8, 6, 9 cases in the control group, and the difference was statistically significant (Z=-2.120, P=0.034). At 4 weeks after surgery, 10, 6, 6, 3 cases were excellent, good, medium and poor evaluated by Flynn score in the observation group, 5, 4, 5, 9 cases in the control group, and the difference was statistically significant (Z=-2.051, P=0.040). Incidence of postoperative complications was 8.0% (2/25) in the observation group, 30.4% (7/23) in the control group, and the difference was statistically significant (χ2=2.622, P=0.047). Physical, psychological, social and environmental fields of quality of life were 77.84 ± 12.15, 81.13 ± 15.72, 79.95 ± 20.68, 79.44 ± 11.57 in the observation group, 63.31 ± 15.86, 63.07 ± 12.63, 65.65 ± 18.51, 61.32 ± 17.24 in the control group, and the difference was statistically significant (t=2.516- 4.363, P<0.05). Conclusions Integrated nursing intervention with TCM rehabilitation guidance is a method which can effectively help in improving the elbow movement function and the life quality of children with supracondylar humerus fractures of ulnar deviation.
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Objective To evaluate the efficacy of mid-axillary approach to transversus abdominis plane (TAP) block in each abdoninal and back region.Methods Twenty patients of both sexes,aged 18-64 yr,with body mass index of 20-27 kg/m2,of American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status Ⅰ or Ⅱ,scheduled for elective laparoscopic cholecystectomy,who had expected operation time ＜1 h,were enrolled in the study.Ultrasound-guided TAP block was performed on the left side via the mid-axillary line with 0.25％ levobupivacaine 0.5 ml/kg.TAP block was assessed by cold stimulation (75％ alcohol) and acupuncture in each abdominal and back region (the left side of the body was divided into 19 regions using the anatomical landmarks on the body surface).The positive condition in each region at 20 min after administration was recorded.Results The regions in which the positive rate ≤5％ were 11,14,17 and 18 regions.The regions in which the positive rate ＞5％-20％ were 8,15 and 19 regions.The regions in which the positive rate ＞20％-50％ were 12,13 and 16 regions.The regions in which the positive rate ＞50％-70％ were 1 and 4 regions.The regions in which 70％ ＜ the positive rate ＜ 95％ were 7,9 and 10 regions.The regions in which the positive rate ≥ 95％ were 2,3,5 and 6 regions.Conclusion Mid-axillary approach to TAP block is effective in the left middle-lower regions of the anterior abdominal wall,however,it is ineffective in the left upper region between mid-axillary and posterior axillary lines and in the low back region.
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The left lateral incisor with occlusal soreness of a 30-year old female was examined and treated.Radiographic examination re-vealed periradicular radiolucency around the apical and 3 canals.The 3 root canals were treated by root canal therapy,the tooth was restored by all-ceramic crown for the prevention of fracture.12 month follow-up showed that the treatment was effective.
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Objective To evaluate the clinical values of endogenous creatinine clearance rate(Ccr) ,serum creatinine (SCr) ,urea nitrogen(Urea) ,serum cystatin C(s‐Cys‐C) ,serum retinol binding protein(s‐RBP) ,Urine total protein (u‐Pro) ,urine albumin and creatinine ratio(u‐Alb/Cr) ,urine RBP(u‐RBP) ,urine Cys‐C(u‐Cys‐C) ,u‐NAG and et al in the diagnosis of chronic renal failure (CRF) ,find suitable and effective detection combinations to increase the diagnostic accuracy of CRF .Methods SCr ,Urea ,s‐Cys‐C , s‐RBP ,u‐Pro ,u‐Alb/Cr ,u‐RBP ,u‐Cys‐C ,u‐NAG were detected respectively in 206 hospitalized patients and Ccr values were calcu‐lated at the same time .By using Excel and SPSS19 .0 softwares ,the data were analysed .Combined detections included two and four items combined detections .Results Youden index(YI) of serum Cys‐C was 0 .59 .Area under the curve in the receiver operating characteristic(ROC) of Cys‐C was 0 .872 which was the highest of all the single detection items .Combined detection of SCr and s‐Cys‐C got the highest YI (0 .60) .Combination of four items(Urea ,SCr ,s‐RBP ,s‐Cys‐C) had the highest positive predictive value (100 .00% ) .Combination of u‐RBP and u‐Cys‐C had the highest negative predictive value(100 .00% ) .Conclusion Combined detec‐tion was more favorable for CRF diagnosis .Combination detection of SCr and s‐Cys‐C was the most valuable detection for the diag‐nosis of CRF .Among single item detections ,s‐Cys‐C detection had better sensitivity and specificity ,and diagnostic efficiency than other detection items .U‐RBP and u‐Cys‐C could be used to exclude renal impairment due to its noninvasive sampling .
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Deconstruction of lignocellulosic plant cell walls to fermentable sugars by biochemical means is impeded by several poorly understood ultrastructural and chemical barriers. Pretreatment is an essential step by altering the morphological and compositional characteristics of biomass to enhance the sugar release during enzymatic hydrolysis. Therefore, getting insight into this field is necessary to improve the conversion of biomass into biofuels. In this review, we highlight our recent understanding on the impact of various promising pretreatments on biomass, with emphasis on the topochemical and ultrastructural changes of plant cell walls that are related to the reduction of recalcitrance and the consequence of saccharification. It will lend support to the scientific research and development with respect to biomass conversion.
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Biofuels , Biomass , Carbohydrates , Chemistry , Cell Wall , Fermentation , Hydrolysis , Lignin , Chemistry , Plant CellsABSTRACT
Objective To investigate the effect and mechanism of S100A16 in the course of 3T3-L1 preadipocytes differentiation.MethodsA recombinant virus vector overexpressing S100A16 ( PLJM1-S100A16-GFP) was constructed and transfected into 3T3-L1 preadipocytes.The expression of S100A16 in the course of 3T3-L1 preadipocytes differentiated into adipocytes was detected by Western blot.The lipid droplets were observed by oil-red O staining and triglycercide (TG) content was measured by the TG measure kit.Levels of adipogenesis-associated genes such as PPARγ,CCAAT/enhancer binding protein ( C/EBP-α),lipoprotein lipase ( LPL),fatty acid synthase ( FAS),adipocyte fatty acid binding protein( aP2 ) were measured by realtime PCR and Western blot.The interaction between S100A16 and p53 was detected by immunoprecipitation.Results3T3-L1 cell line overexpressing S100A16was successfully contructed.It was found that the expression of S100A16 was increased during 3T3-L1 adipocytes differentiation.Overexpression of S100A16 stimulated 3T3-L1 preadipocytes differentiation and increased the accumulation of triglycerides in adipocytes (P＜ 0.01 ),along with the up-regulation of adipocyte differentiationassociated gene expressions including PPARγ,C/EBP-α,LPL,aP2,and FAS ( P ＜ 0.05 or P ＜ 0.01 ).Immunoprecipitation analysis revealed that S100A16 interacted with tumor suppressor protein p53,also a known inhibitor of adipogenesis.ConclusionS100A16 stimulates 3T3-LI preadipocytes differentiation via inhibiting p53activity.
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To meet the needs of management of medical case information and biospecimen simultaneously, we developed a novel medical case information system integrating with biospecimen management. The database established by MS SQL Server 2000 covered, basic information, clinical diagnosis, imaging diagnosis, pathological diagnosis and clinical treatment of patient; physicochemical property, inventory management and laboratory analysis of biospecimen; users log and data maintenance. The client application developed by Visual C++ 6.0 was used to implement medical case and biospecimen management, which was based on Client/Server model. This system can perform input, browse, inquest, summary of case and related biospecimen information, and can automatically synthesize case-records based on the database. Management of not only a long-term follow-up on individual, but also of grouped cases organized according to the aim of research can be achieved by the system. This system can improve the efficiency and quality of clinical researches while biospecimens are used coordinately. It realizes synthesized and dynamic management of medical case and biospecimen, which may be considered as a new management platform.
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Humans , Biological Specimen Banks , Database Management Systems , Medical Records Systems, Computerized , Medical Records, Problem-OrientedABSTRACT
The comprehensive capacity of medical students means mainly the medical operating skill, and the ability toresolve the practical troubles by integrating the knowledge of multisubject, and creative capability. For a long time, inthe teaching of many madical colleges, importance has been attached to imparting the basic theory and knowledge,rather than to fostering the comprehensive capacity of medical students. In 1999, the Medical College of ShandongUnivesity incorporated the physiological, phamacological, pathophisiological and psycological experiment and inte-grated them as a independent experimental curriculum-the functional science experiment. Many years practice showsthat the functional science experiment is a good platform or carrier to foster the comprehensive capability of madicalstudents.
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<p><b>UNLABELLED</b>The periodontal ligament fibroblast (PDLF) was cultivated artificially as the cell to be tested, and then it was loaded with mechanical stress-strain of different values and for different times. The cell and nucleus projected areas and shapes as well as the structure of cytoskeleton were tested by use of confocal laser scanning microscope and immunity fluorescence technique. Then the relationship among the stress-strain, the time, the shape and the structure of cytoskeleton of the PDLF was detected.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>In the trial groups of 0, 8%, 12%, 16% strain values, the cell and nucleus projected areas were proportional to strain (stress) and time. The diameter, density and order of the structure of cytoskeleton increased in the strain and time dependent fashion. In the trial group of 20% strain values, the cell and nucleus projected areas decreased with the increase of time, and the structure of cytoskeleton became disorderly. It was demonstrated in this study that the shape and structure of cytoskeleton of PDLF underwent regular changes when the PDLF was loaded with the mechanical stress-strain.</p>
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Humans , Cells, Cultured , Cytoskeleton , Physiology , Fibroblasts , Cell Biology , Physiology , Periodontal Ligament , Cell Biology , Radioimmunoassay , Stress, Mechanical , Tensile Strength , PhysiologyABSTRACT
This study aims at exploring the effects of tensile strain and loading time on the secretion of IL-1 beta of human periodontal ligament fibroblast. Five tensile strain values including 0%, 8%, 12%, 16%, 20% and three loading time including 24 h, 48 h, 72 h are set in this study. The prepared cell samples are mounted on the self-devised loading apparatus in vitro. The content of IL-1 beta in each sample was determined using double-antibody ELISA. The secretion amount of IL-1 beta per day is directly proportional to the loading time and tensile strain value in tensile strain group of 8%, 12%, 16%. The secretion amount of IL-1 beta reaches its maximum at tensile strain value of 16% in loading time groups. Loaded strain for 24 h and 48 h, the secretion amount of IL-1 beta at tensile strain value of 20% is obviously more than that at value of 0%, but the amount already begin to decrease apparently. Loaded strain for 72 h, the secretion amount of IL-1 beta decreases to a great extent that it is less than the amount at strain value of 0%. The tensile strain stimulates the secretion of IL-1 beta by human periodontal ligament fibroblast when the strain is under normal physiological extent, but the stimulation effect fades out as time goes on.
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Humans , Cells, Cultured , Fibroblasts , Bodily Secretions , Interleukin-1 , Bodily Secretions , Periodontal Ligament , Cell Biology , Bodily Secretions , Tensile Strength , Time FactorsABSTRACT
Purpose The aim is to modify the pyrogenic pathol ogy mo del induced by injection of saccharomycetet water in rats,and to eliminate the t emperature decline period after injection of saccharomycete water sc.Metho ds It was measured that the anus temperature of both two groups of rats (one group was injected of incubated saccharomycete water and the other inj ected unincubated saccharomycete water sc) 1,2,3,4,6,8 h after injection respect ively.Results The anus temperature had no decline period and the temperature rose quickly in the group of injected with incubated saccharomyc ete water (in 34℃thermostasis water).There was significant difference(P＜0.05 or P＜0.01)between incubated group and unincubated group in temperature risin g by t-test.Conclusion No temperature declining peri od was observed in the pyrogenic pathology model of rat, if those rats were trea ted with saccharomycete water which was incubated at 34℃for 0.5 h.
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Objective: To study the effects of static tensile strain on the cytoskeleton of human periodontal ligament fibroblasts (HPLFs). Methods: Tensile strain with the strain variate of 8%,12%,16% and 20% was applied in the culture of HPLFs for 1,2 and 3 d respectively with a self-devised loading apparatus. With the aid of laser scanning confocal microscope, the projected areas of each observed cell and its nuclear were calculated and the cell cytosketeton was observed. The data analysis was carried out with SPSS using Dunnett test. Results:The projected areas of the cells and nucleus incereased with the increace of loading time and tensile strain value in trial groups of 8%,12% and 16%(P